听记+口述=综合口语题目的成败关键：如何缩写笔记？

听记+口述=综合口语题目的成败关键（2）
如何缩写笔记？
我的缩写习惯有三种：
保留多音节单词的前三四个字母：
ref～ (reference)
doc～ (document)
hosp～ (hospital)
pred～ (predator)

去掉单词的元音字母（ＡＥＩＯＵ）：
prvt (private)
cvnt (convenient)
btw (between)
mkt (market)

符号：
指向性符号：→、←、↑、↓
数学符号：∵、∴、＝、＜＞
其他常用符号：
b4 (before，in advance)
＄ (我不说，大家也知道)
☆ (important)
△ (change)
⊙ (focus，center)

更多的常用笔记符号：
1 箭头符号
grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase, ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation, promote, upwards: ↑
drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deter iorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards: ↓
become better and better: ↗
become worse and worse: ↘
export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, cause: →
come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from: ←

2 数学符号
further more, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc: +
minus, lack: -
incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious: ×
more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to: >
fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to: <
equal to, the same as, a rival, a competitor: =
not equal to, no match for: ≠
approximately, around, about, or so: ≈
total, the total number/sum, totally: Σ
because, owing to, thanks to, due to: ∵
therefore, as a result, consequently, so, thus, due to this: ∴

3 标点符号
say, speak, tell, declare, announce, protest, such as: :
question, doubt, suspicious, skeptical, ask: ?
very important, vital, crucial, critical: !
including, within, among, inside: ( )
viewpoint, opinion, idea, point: •
表示不同的时间概念: • (注：如用d表示today，那么yesterday即用•d表示，the day before yesterday可记为••d，three days ago可写成•3d；同理，d•表示tomorrow，d••表示the day after tomorrow)

4 其他符号
center, focus, roundtable, meeting, meet, discussion: ⊙ (注：⊙像会议室的圆桌，中间的一点可以看做一个烟灰缸或花瓶)
change: △
agreement, contract, treaty: ∪ ( 注： 人们签约时， 往往会举杯庆祝，而∪形似杯子。表示双边协议bi lateral agreement，三边协议trilateral agreement或多边协议multi-lateral agreement时，在∪中分别加2，3或m即可)
confrontation, conflict, communication, interaction: ><
country, state, nation: □
and, together with, accompany: &
correct, good, affirmative, certain, well-known, famous, agree, support: √
person, people: °
exchange, replace, mutual, each other: ～
stop, halt: //
happy, glad, pleased, delighted, enjoy: ϑ
belong to: ∈
outstanding, best, model, important: ☆
hospital, red cross: ⊕
pound (英镑): ￡
dollar (美元): ＄
yuan (人民币): ￥

《常远新托福口语真经——年度最新预测真题》（含MP3光盘一张）
 作者：常远
 出版社：外语教学与研究出版社
 责任编辑：许圆圆
 版次：2013年5月1版1次印刷
 定价：49.00
 开本：16K
注：本文内容节选于《常远新托福口语真经——年度最新预测真题》一书。本书由外语教学与研究出版社出版，沪江英语授权转载部分内容。