当心细菌！家里什么地方最脏

Someone in your house have the sniffles? Watch out for the refrigerator door handle. The TV remote, too. A new study finds that cold sufferers often leave their germs there, where they can live for two days or longer. Scientists at the University of Virginia, long known for its virology research, tested surfaces in the homes of people with colds and reported the results at the nation's premier conference on infectious diseases.
有人在你的屋里打喷嚏吗？注意你的冰箱门把手和电视遥控器。一项最新的研究发现，感冒者通常会把细菌留在这些地方，而这些细菌可以存活1-2天的时间。以微生物学的研究而闻名的弗吉尼亚大学的科学家，测试了感冒患者家里的可触表面，并在国家感染疾病首席会议上提出了测验结果。

Doctors don't know how often people catch colds from touching germy surfaces as opposed to, say, shaking a sick person's hand, said Dr. Birgit Winther, an ear, nose and throat specialist who helped conduct the study.
本次试验研究的负责人，耳、鼻、喉专家Dr Birgit Wintehr表示，医生不知道人们通过诸如和病人握手等触摸带菌表面而感染疾病的几率。

Two years ago, she and other doctors showed that germs survived in hotel rooms a day after guests left, waiting to be picked up by the next person checking in.
两年前，她和其他的医生曾经证明细菌在酒店房间里面能够在客户离开之后的1-2天内继续存活，直到它们等到下一个入住的客人。

For the new study, researchers started with 30 adults showing early symptoms of colds. Sixteen tested positive for rhinovirus. They were asked to name 10 places in their homes they had touched in the preceding 18 hours, and researchers used DNA tests to hunt for rhinovirus.
作为一项新的研究，研究人员从30个有早期感冒症状的人开始测试。其中的16人被证明确实染病。他们被要求说出在屋里18个小时前接触的地方，然后研究人员通过DNA测试来捕捉这些病菌。

"We found that commonly touched areas like refrigerator doors and handles were positive about 40 percent of the timefor cold germs" , Winther said.
Winther说：“我们发现，被广泛接触的地方，比如说冰箱门和把手，有40%的可能性会被感冒细菌利用。”

All three of the salt and pepper shakers they tested were contaminated. Other spots found to harbor the germ: 6 out of 18 doorknobs; 8 of 14 refrigerator handles; 3 of 13 light switches; 6 of 10 remote controls; 8 of 10 bathroom faucets; 4 of 7 phones, and 3 of 4 dishwasher handles.
三个盐瓶以及胡椒粉瓶都被证实遭到污染，其他一些地方也被证实是病毒的港湾：包括6/18的门把手，8/14的冰箱扶手，3/13的电灯开关，6/10的遥控器，8/10的水龙头，4/7的电话和3/4的洗碗机扶手。

Next, the researchers deliberately contaminated surfaces with participants' mucus and then tested to see whether rhinovirus stuck to their fingers when they turned on lights, answered the phone or did other common tasks. More than half of the participants got the virus on their fingertips 48 hours after the mucus was smeared.
接下来，研究人员故意让一些物体的表面带菌，然后测试开灯，应答电话或者从事日常其他活动的时候病菌是否会传递。结果超过半数的人感染了病毒，而此时细菌已经在这些表面存活了两天了。

The study was sponsored by Reckitt-Benckiser Inc., makers of Lysol, but no products were tested in the research. The study, designed by doctors with no ties to the company, was an effort to lay the groundwork for future research on germs and ways to get rid of them.
这项研究由Lysol消毒剂的生产商Rechitt-Benchised.Inc公司赞助，但是测试中没有涉及该厂商的任何产品。由医生主导的该项研究与厂商没有任何关系，它只是为了深入研究细菌和清除细菌而做的基础性的工作。

In a separate study, the university's Drs. Diane Pappas and Owen Hendley went germ-hunting on toys.
另一项研究中，弗吉尼亚大学的Diane Pappas博士和Owen Hendley博士研究了细菌在玩具上的传播。

Tests showed fragments of cold viruses on 20 percent of all toys tested--20 percent of those in the "sick child" waiting room, 17 percent in the "well child" waiting room, and 30 percent in a sack of toys that kids are allowed to choose from after being good for a shot.
试验表明，20%的玩具上可以检测到感冒细菌的碎片，20%的病菌存在于在病人候诊室，17%存在于普通候诊室，而作为孩子打完针后奖励的一袋玩具，则发现有30%存在病菌。

"Mamas know this," Hendley said. "They say, 'We go to a doctor for a well-child checkup, the kids play with the toys and two days later they have a cold.'"
“妈妈们知道这一点，”Hendley说，“她们通常表示会找一个医生进行惯例的检查，但是这些孩子在玩过这些玩具两天之后却得了感冒。”

There is no proof that the remnants themselves can infect, but their presence suggests a risk, said Dr. Paul Auwaerter, an infectious-diseases specialist at Johns Hopkins University. He was familiar with the study but had no role in it.
来自Johns Hopkins大学的传染病学博士Paul Auwaerter表示，并没有证据表明残留物会导致感染，但是他们的存在是一个风险。他对这项研究非常了解，但是并没有参与此次的研究。

Doctors have long advised frequent hand-washing to avoid spreading germs. Wearing surgical masks and using hand sanitizers also can help, a novel University of Michigan study found.
医生长久以来都建议通过勤洗手来减少病毒的传播。密歇根大学的研究表明，带口罩和洗手液同样会有帮助。